10. DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS, Angielski(1)
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10. DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS
EXERCISE 1
Read the text below and put the words in bold in the appropriate form.
Influenza
, more commonly known as flu, is an 1)
INFECTION
_______________ disease
which attacks the nose, throat or lungs. The flu virus can be easily passed on by breathing
in the tiny droplets from the breath of infected people, for example when they cough or
sneeze or when people touch objects 2)
CONTAMINATION
_______________ with the virus.
The incubation period is usually two to three days.
The main symptoms are a high temperature that comes on quickly, 3)
ACHE
_______________ muscles and joints, and
Other symptoms may include: chest
pains, lack of appetite, fatigue, weakness, a runny or blocked nose, a sore throat, a harsh
dry cough, chills, and occasionally nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. People often refer to
symptoms of influenza and the common cold as being the same and many of them are
indeed similar. However, flu is 4)
CONSIDER
_______________ more debilitating than
common cold and a bad case of influenza has the potential to develop into a more serious
condition like
or sinus trouble and in rare cases it can be life-threatening.
Because it is a
5) VIRUS
______________ infection it cannot be treated with
The best remedy is rest, preferably by staying in bed and drinking plenty of fluids to avoid
6)
DEHYDRATE
_______________. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as Paracetamol, Aspirin or
Ibuprofen will reduce fever and muscle aches. Nasal decongestants, cough medicines,
gargles or lozenges can help alleviate other symptoms.
It is possible to get
7) VACCINE
______________ against influenza, which is especially
advisable for the elderly and people with heart and lung diseases. However, the virus
mutates all the time and new strains arise. Unfortunately
8) IMMUNE
_______________
immunity against one strain does not protect against other strains. So, it is necessary to
get a flu vaccine each year.
EXERCISE 2
Match the following diseases or conditions with their descriptions.
DISEASE
DESCRIPTION
ASTHMA
1) an illness with recurrent episodes of significant overeating
accompanied by a sense of loss of control, the affected person then
uses various methods – such as vomiting or laxative abuse – to prevent
weight gain
DIABETES
2) a contagious childhood disease caused by a virus, the affected child
or adult may develop hundreds of itchy, fluid-filled blisters that burst
and form crusts
CHICKENPOX
3) a health problem arising from eating food contaminated by viruses,
chemicals, or bacterial toxins, possible symptoms include: abdominal
cramps, diarrhoea, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting and weakness
FOOD
POISONING
4) an inflammatory disorder of the airways, which causes attack of
wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing
STROKE
5) a life-long disease marked by high levels of sugar in the blood, it
causes frequent urination, excessive thirst, hunger, fatigue, weight loss
and blurry vision
BULIMIA
6) an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain,
symptoms include: numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg
(especially on one side of the body), vision changes, slurred speech and
dizziness
EXERCISE 3
Complete the sentences with an appropriate phrasal verb. You may have to
change the tense or form of the verbs.
come down with put on take out get over come out in
pass out shake off bring down come round/to wear off
1 I’ve got a temperature, a headache, a sore throat… I think I’m _______________ a cold.
2 I’m allergic to cheese. If I have even a slice, I _______________ a rash.
3 I have pneumonia so the doctor _______________ me _______________ a course of
antibiotics.
4 The effects of the anaesthetic were starting to _______________.
5 He always _______________ at the sight of blood.
6 When John _______________, he was in intensive care.
7 I can’t seem to _______________ this cold. I've tried everything, but it just won't go
away.
8 My daughter is still trying to _______________ that bout of flu she had.
9 Take Paracetamol. It should _______________ your temperature _______________.
10 My tooth was so decayed I had to have it _______________.
EXERCISE 4
Which of the treatments in the box would be most suitable for each of these
health problems?
acupuncture, medically approved diet, physiotherapy, regular exercise, antibiotics,
hypnosis, vitamin tablets, surgery, creams, sling/cast, bed rest
insomnia, arthritis, pulled muscle, indigestion, eczema, concussion, fatigue, bone
fracture, appendicitis
A: I think that if someone is diagnosed with concussion they must definitely have some bed
rest.
B: I agree. Bed rest can also be prescribed for pulled muscles and bone fractures.
LISTENING (lower level)
You will hear a speaker on the radio talking about a virus called
ebola. Please, answer the questions.
1 What illness kills more people than meningitis?
2 In which part of the world does the ebola virus occur?
3 How many people died of ebola in 1976?
4 When was the last time that anyone died from ebola?
5 What is the first symptom of an ebola virus infection?
6 What organs are destroyed by the virus?
7 Roughly what percentage of its victims die from ebola?
8 What can be used to cure or treat it?
9 What is the most likely way that the ebola virus is spread?
10 What animal is immune to ebola?
LISTENING (higher level)
You are going to hear a radio phone-in programme on the subject
of allergies. Before you listen, discuss with a partner what you understand by these words
and phrases:
allergen, asthma, immune system, pollen.
What do you know about allergies?
1 Do more people suffer allergies now than in the past?
2 What percentage of population has an allergy?
3 What aspects of modern life can increase the chance of people suffering from allergies?
For questions 1-6 choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you
hear.
1 Which of these possible explanations for the increase in allergies does the
pragramme presenter mention in her introduction?
A People are exposed to more dangerous substances than in the past.
B People's resistance to allergens is lower than in the past.
C More new allergens are being released into the environment.
D Higher levels of stress have made people more prone to allergies.
2 Which of the questions does the first caller, Tim, want to know the answer to?
A What is the most likely cause of his allergy?
B Why is he allergic to grass and pollen?
C Will he ever be free of the allergy?
D How can he improve his condition?
3 According to Dr Egerton, allergies
A affect the very old or the very young.
B often start between the ages of 30 and 40.
C can start at any age.
D are most likely to develop after the age of 60.
4 Arabella, the caller from Amsterdam,
A thinks she may have passed on her allergy of her children.
B asks how she can minimise the risk of her children having allergies.
C wants to know whether her peanut allergy will continue in the future.
D asks how probable it is that her children will have allergies.
5 If both child’s parents have a particular allergy, that child
A is more than likely to have the same allergy.
B has a less than fifty per cent chance of getting the same allergy.
C will probably develop a different allergy.
D is at no greater risk of developing the allergy than any other child.
6 According to Dr Bawaldi, some people believe that the increase in asthma among
young children may result from
A living in centrally heated or air-conditioned buildings.
B being in areas with very high levels of exhaust fumes.
C spending too much time in hygienic environments.
D receiving medical treatment for other types of illness.
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