102 Anne Frank, After the Battle, AFTER THE BATTLE
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//-->BURMA 1945ANNEFRANKNumber 102NUMBER 102Editor-in-Chief: Winston G. RamseyEditor: Karel MargryPublished byBattle of Britain International Ltd.,Church House, Church Street,London E15 3JA, EnglandTelephone: 0181-534 8833Fax: 0181-555 7567E-mail: afterthebattle@mcmail.comWeb site:Printed in Great Britain byTrafford Print Colour Ltd.,Shaw Wood Way, Doncaster DN2 5TB.© Copyright 1998After the Battleis published quarterly onthe 15th of February, May, August andNovember.United Kingdom Newsagent Distribution:Seymour Press Ltd., Windsor House, 1270 LondonRoad, Norbury, London SW16 4DH.Telephone: 0181-679 1899United States Distribution and Subscriptions:RZM Imports, PO Box 995, Southbury, CT, 06488Telephone: 1-203-264-0774Canadian Distribution and Subscriptions:Vanwell Publishing Ltd., 1 Northrup Crescent,St. Catharines, Ontario L2M 6P5.Telephone: (905) 937 3100 Fax: (905) 937 1760Australian Subscriptions and Back Issues:Technical Book and Magazine Company, Pty, Ltd.,289-299 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000.Telephone: 663 3951New Zealand Distribution:South Pacific Books (Imports) Ltd., 6 King Street,Grey Lynn, Auckland 2. Telephone: 762-142Italian Distribution:Tuttostoria, Casella Postale 395, 1-43100 Parma.Telephone: 0521 292 733, Telex 532274 EDIALB IDutch Language Edition:Quo Vadis, Postbus 3121, 3760 DC Soest.Telephone: 035 6018641CONTENTSANNE FRANKWRECK DISCOVERYThe Discovery of KN563PERSONALITYLieutenant Henry Fonda, USN2BURMA 1945: THE ROAD TO RANGOON304650Front Cover:The house where AnneFrank(inset)wrote her diary while in hid-ing and from where she was taken in1944 to her death at Belsen concentra-tion camp. (Karel Margry and AFF/AFS)Centre Pages:The remains of anarmoured carrier, Indian pattern on aCanadian Ford Quad chassis, lying nearthe railway station at Yamethin, Burma.(Elliott Smock)Back Cover:The scene at Taukkyan WarCemetery on March 5, 1997 where thecrew of Dakota KN563 were laid to rest.(Department of Veterans Affairs,Canada)Acknowledgements:The Editor would liketo thank Yt Stoker of the Anne Frank Sticht-ing for her help with the Anne Frank story.Photo Credits:AFF/AFS — Anne FrankFund, Basle/Anne Frank Stichting, Amster-dam. BFI — British Film Institute. IWM —Imperial War Museum, London. MAS —Maria Austria Stichting, Amsterdam. RIOD— Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumen-tatie, Amsterdam.Nearly every year, usually in May, the Frank family went to the photographer to havea sheet of mini photo portraits taken. This series of shots from Anne’s sheets fromthe years 1935 to 1941 show her gradual change from a little child to a youngteenager. (AFF/AFS)2Of all the victims of the Nazi genocide onthe Jews, Anne Frank is probably the mostfamous. Her diary, written in hiding between1942-44 and published posthumously in 1947,is without a doubt the best-known literarywork to survive the holocaust, and reputedlythe most widely read non-fiction book afterthe Bible. Her life story and the extraordi-nary quality and tone of her writings havemade her a symbol, a veritable icon, both ofinnocent youth and of the survival of human-ity under totalitarian oppression. The housein Amsterdam where she, together with herfamily and others, spent over two years inAnne Frank. There are few other namesin modern history or literature whichrequire so little introduction as that ofthis young Jewish girl from the Nether-lands. Though she only lived to the ageof 15 and left us only one literary work,she is known by millions all over theworld because of her diaries, publishedposthumously after the war. The vividand dramatic way in which they portraythe thoughts and experiences of peoplein hiding from Nazi persecution, coupledwith the optimistic and idealistic tonewhich pervades them, have made thebook an all-time classic, sold in millionsof copies all over the world, and adaptedfor the stage and screen. The housewhere she and her family spent twoyears in hiding, now a museum, hasbecome a must for every tourist visitingAmsterdam.Right:Anne as she looked inMay 1942, aged 13, a picture taken twomonths before she and her family wentinto hiding. The author of our story,David Barnouw, is staff researcher andpublic relations officer at the Nether-lands State Institute for War Documenta-tion in Amsterdam. He was the co-editorofThe Diaries of Anne Frank. The CriticalEdition,the definitive textbook pub-lished in 1989 (the original Dutch editionappeared in 1986), and is one of theworld’s leading experts on the history ofAnne Frank and her diaries from whichthe illustration(top)is reproduced.(AFF/AFS)ANNE FRANKhiding has become a place of pilgrimage vis-ited by hundreds of thousands each year.By David Barnouw3Anne Frank was born in Frankfurt inGermany on June 12, 1929. Her parents,Otto and Edith Frank, and elder sisterMargot were then living at No. 307 Mar-bachweg (the right half of the building),where the young family had moved in1927. Located in the town district ofBertramshöhe, the house was a newone, having been built in 1925. TheFranks occupied the first and secondfloors.The story of Anne Frank starts inGermany. The Franks were a banking familyfrom Frankfurt, Anne’s grandfather beingthe founder and director of the BankgeschäftMichael Frank. The Franks had lived in thecity for generations, Anne’s father, OttoHeinrich Frank, being born there on May 12,1889. Educated at the Lessing Gymnasium,he went to Heidelberg University to studyart. After one semester, he left for NewYork, together with Nathan Strauss (of thefamily which owned the famous Macydepartment store in Manhattan) to gain busi-ness experience. When his father died in1909, Otto returned to Germany, though hestill went back to New York several times. InWorld War I, he served on the WesternFront, demobilising as a lieutenant. The fam-ily story goes that he personally broughtback the requisitioned horses of his companyto the rightful owners in Pomerania. It tookhim two months to get back home. But thefamily business was not flourishing and OttoFrank, with his American experience, wentabroad again, this time to Amsterdam wherein 1923 he founded the company of M. Frank& Sons, for banking and trading in foreigncurrency. The bank’s office was in the centreof the city, at Keizersgracht 604, which wasalso Otto’s private address. However, theenterprise was a failure, and by 1925 Ottowas back in Frankfurt where, together withhis brother Herbert, he tried to uphold thefamily business.On May 12, 1925, Otto married Edith Hol-länder, daughter of a manufacturer fromAachen and 11 years younger. They spenttheir honeymoon in Italy. The couple firstwent to live in with Otto’s mother, but inAugust 1927 they moved to a house of theirown, at Marbachweg 307. Two daughterswere born: Margot on February 16, 1926, andAnne on June 12, 1929. In March 1931, thefamily moved to a bigger house at Gang-hoferstrasse 24, nearby in a well-to-do quar-ter of Frankfurt.Left:This photo was taken on the rear balcony, shortly after Anne and her mothercame home from hospital. Anne is on the lap of Mrs Dassing, the maternity nurse,with her mother standing behind her. Margot, here aged three, is on the left on thelap of Kathi, the Franks’ housekeeper. The three other girls are neighbours who havecome to admire the new sprout. (AFF/AFS)Right:The same balcony 70 years on.One reason for the Franks having movedto Marbachweg in 1927 was that it had agarden where their children could play.Above:1931: Anne in the sandbox, withher mother by her side. (AFF/AFS)4Margot with a friend, Butzy Könitzer, in the back garden, 1932. Otto Frank was a keenphotographer and took many pictures of his children. Because several of the family’sphoto albums have survived, there exist today a surprising wealth of pictures ofAnne and the Frank family from before the war. (AFF/AFS)Right:With thick foliagedarkening the garden, this is the best match possible today.In April 1931, the Franks moved to No. 24 Ganghoferstrasse, about a mile north-westof Marbachweg, on the other side of Escherheim road. Compared to the house onMarbachweg, this was a spacious villa located in a pleasant side street. The Frankslived here until March 1933.A plaque on the house, dedicated onJune 12, 1957, commemorates: ‘In thishouse lived Anne Frank, born at Frank-furt-am-Main on June 12, 1929. A victimof National-Socialist persecution, shedied at the Bergen-Belsen concentrationcamp in 1945. Her life and death — ourobligation. The youth of Frankfurt.’However, the position of the bank,already weakened by the loss of the Amster-dam affiliation, and decisively affected by theeconomic depression, suffered a final blowwhen Otto’s brother and partner Herbert in1932 became involved in an investmentfraud, for which he was arrested and tried.Though he was acquitted, it blemished thefirm’s name.When the Nazis came to power in January1933, it was clear to Otto Frank there was nolonger any future in Germany for him andhis family. In March 1933, the Jewish mayorof Frankfurt was forced to resign. Jewish civilRight:On March 10, 1933, a cold Friday,Otto snapshot his wife and two daugh-ters on the Schillerplatz next to theHauptwache guardhouse (on the left) inthe centre of Frankfurt. Two days later,Sunday, March 12, there would bemunicipal elections in Frankfurt in whichthe Nazis would win 42 of the 85 seats.On Monday, SA stormtroopers wouldraise the Swastika flag on the town halland the Jewish Oberbürgermeister, Lud-wig Landmann, would be forced toresign, his seat taken by the NaziFriedrich Krebs. (AFF/AFS)Far right:Thetram shelter has gone and an under-ground station entrance now occupiesthe site on Schillerplatz.Left:Margot, Grace (a friend) and Anne squatting below the front window. (AFF/AFS)Right:Shrub and trees have grown where the girls once sat.servants were dismissed. On April 1, SAstormtroopers targeted Jewish shops andfirms. The Franks were ‘assimilated Jews’,feeling themselves more German than Jew-ish, so being branded ‘not German at all’came as a severe shock.5
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